The Full Form of ABG
ABG Full Form – The full form of ABG in medical terms is Arterial Blood Gas. It is an analysis to calculate the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide and the pH of blood. Oxygen saturation, content and bicarbonate areestimated with this test. The blood sample for the analysis should be drawn by a tiny puncture in artery.
The analysis evaluates the exchange of gases in lungs, assessing integrity of ventilator system, and determines the acidic-basic level of blood also while monitoring the respiratory therapies. The normal limits of the components measured in the test are as follows:
- O2CT : 15% – 22%
- PaO2 : 75 – 100 mm Hg
- PaCO2 : 35 – 45 mm Hg
- pH : 7.35 – 7.45
- HCO3 : 24 – 28 mEq/L
- SaO2 : 95% – 100%
DecreasedSaO2, PaO2, and O2CT levels and increased PaCO2 level result from conditions that reduce functionality of the respiratory system. These conditions comprise weakness of respiratory muscles, inhibition of respiratory center (from injury to head, brain tumor or substance abuse) and airway obstruction (from mucus plugs or tumor). Similarly, obstruction of bronchioles caused by emphysema or asthma (blocked pulmonary capillaries or alveoli) can also affect the recording of the results.
Low O2CT while normal SaO2, PaO2 and PaCO2 values are usually recorded values when the person suffers from severe anemia, decrease in blood volume, impaired hemoglobin oxygen-carrying capacity.
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